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Inland Printer

  • 1 Benton, Linn Boyd

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 13 May 1844 Little Falls, New York, USA
    d. 15 July 1932 Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American typefounder, cutter and designer, inventor of the automatic punch-cutting machine.
    [br]
    Benton spent his childhood in Milwaukee and La Crosse, where he early showed a talent for mechanical invention. His father was a lawyer with an interest in newspapers and who acquired the Milwaukee Daily News. Benton became familiar with typesetting equipment in his father's newspaper office. He learned the printer's trade at another newspaper office, at La Crosse, and later worked as bookkeeper at a type foundry in Milwaukee. When that failed in 1873, Benton acquired the plant, and when he was joined by R.V.Waldo the firm became Benton, Waldo \& Co. Benton began learning and improving type-cutting practice. He first devised unit-width or "self-spacing" type which became popular with compositors, saving, it was reckoned, 20 per cent of their time. Meanwhile, Benton worked on a punch-cutting machine to speed up the process of cutting letters in the steel punches from which matrices or moulds were formed to enable type to be cast from molten metal. His first mechanical punch-cutter worked successfully in 1884. The third machine, patented in 1885, was the model that revolutionized the typefounding operation. So far, punch-cutting had been done by hand, a rare and expensive skill that was insufficient to meet the demands of the new typesetting machines, the monotype of Lanston and the linotype of Merganthaler. These were threatened with failure until Benton saved the day with his automatic punch-cutter. Mechanizing punch-cutting and the forming of matrices made possible the typesetting revolution brought about by mono-and linotype.
    In 1892 Benton's firm merged with others to form the American Type Founders Company. Benton's equipment was moved to New York and he with it, to become a board member and Chief Technical Advisor. In 1894 he became Manager of the company's new plant for type manufacture in Jersey City. Benton steadily improved both machinery and processes, for which he was granted twenty patents. With his son Morris Fuller, he was also notable and prolific in the field of type design. Benton remained in active association with his company until just two weeks before his death.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1932, Inland Printer (August): 53–4.
    P.Cost, 1985, "The contributions of Lyn [sic] Boyd Benton and Morris Fuller Benton to the technology of typesetting and the art of typeface design", unpublished MSc thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology (the most thorough treatment).
    H.L.Bullen, 1922, Inland Printer (October) (describes Benton's life and work).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Benton, Linn Boyd

  • 2 Bruce, David

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. c.1801 USA
    d. 13 September 1892 USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the first successful typecaster.
    [br]
    He was the son of David Bruce, typefounder, who introduced stereotyping into the USA. As a boy, he was employed on various tasks about the typefoundry and printing works of D. \& G. Bruce until 1819, when he was apprenticed to William Fry of Philadelphia, at that time the most eminent printer in America. However, he ran away from Fry and returned to his father, from whom he continued to learn the typefounder's trade. Around 1828 he moved to Albany, where he took charge of a typefoundry. Two years later he was back in New York and joined the firm of George Bruce \& Co. In 1834 he moved to New Jersey, where he set about producing the improved form of typecasting machine for which he is chiefly known. Having achieved success, he set up in business again in New York and remained there until his retirement some twenty-five years before his death. Bruce in fact invented the first effective typecasting machine in New York in 1838 and patented it the same year. His machine incorporated a force pump to drive the molten metal from the pot into the mould. The machine, operated by a wheel turned by hand, could produce forty sorts of various sizes per minute. The machine speeded up the production of type: between 3,000 and 7,000 pieces of type could be cast by hand, whereas these figures were raised to between 12,000 and 20,000 by the casting machine. The Bruce caster was not introduced into Britain until 1853. It was later supplanted by improved machines, notably that invented by Wicks.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1887, letter, Inland Printer (September) (provides some biographical details).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1892, Inland Printer (November): 150.
    James Moran, 1965, The Composition of Reading Matter, London: Wace (provides some details of the Bruce machine).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Bruce, David

  • 3 Klic, Karol (Klietsch, Karl)

    [br]
    b. 31 May 1841 Arnau, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 16 November 1826 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Czech inventor of photogravure and rotogravure.
    [br]
    Klic, sometimes known by the germanized form of his name Karl Klietsch, gained a knowledge of chemistry from his chemist father. However, he inclined towards the arts, preferring to mix paints rather than chemicals, and he trained in art at the Academy of Painting in Prague. His father thought to combine the chemical with the artistic by setting up his son in a photographic studio in Brno, but the arts won and in 1867 Klic moved to Vienna to practise as an illustrator and caricaturist. He also acquired skill as an etcher, and this led him to print works of art reproduced by photography by means of an intaglio process. He perfected the process c.1878 and, through it, Vienna became for a while the world centre for high-quality art reproductions. The prints were made by hand from flat plates, but Klic then proposed that the images should be etched onto power-driven cylinders. He found little support for rotary gravure, or rotogravure, on the European continent, but learning that Storey Brothers, textile printers of Lancaster, England, were working in a similar direction, he went there in 1890 to perfect his idea. Rotogravure printing on textiles began in 1893. They then turned to printing art reproductions on paper by rotogravure and in 1895 formed the Rembrandt Intaglio Printing Company. Their photogra-vures attracted worldwide attention when they appeared in the Magazine of Art. Klic saw photogravure as a small-scale medium for the art lover and not for mass-circulation publications, so he did not patent his invention and thought to control it by secrecy. That had the usual result, however, and knowledge of the process leaked out from Storey's, spreading to other countries in Europe and, from 1903, to the USA. Klic lived on in a modest way in Vienna, his later years troubled by failing sight. He hardly earned the credit for the invention, let alone the fortune reaped by others who used, and still use, photogravure for printing long runs of copy such as newspaper colour supplements.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1927, Inland Printer (January): 614.
    Karol Klic. vynálezu hlubotisku, 1957, Prague (the only full-length biography; in Czech, with an introduction in English, French and German).
    S.H.Horgan, 1925, "The invention of photogravure", Inland Printer (April): 64 (contains brief details of his life and works).
    G.Wakeman, 1973, Victorian Book Illustration, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles, pp. 126–8.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Klic, Karol (Klietsch, Karl)

  • 4 IPDS

    2) Сельское хозяйство: Irrigation Production Data System
    6) Фирменный знак: Inland Petroleum Distribution System
    7) Деловая лексика: Initial Professional Development Scheme
    8) Расширение файла: IBM Personal Dictation System (IBM), Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IBM)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IPDS

См. также в других словарях:

  • American Type Founders (list of types) — American Type Founders was the largest producer of foundry type in the world, not only of in house designs, but also from designs that came from merged firms; Contents 1 ATF Designs 2 Barnhart Brothers Spindler 3 Bruce Type Foundry …   Wikipedia

  • International Typographical Union — Infobox Union| name= ITU country= United States affiliation= members= full name= International Typographical Union native name= instituted= May 3, 1852 current= head= dissolved date= December 31, 1986 dissolved state= Merged into merged into= CWA …   Wikipedia

  • Типографское дело — [Слово типография греческого происхождения и составлено из двух слов: τύπος буква, фигура, оттиск, и γράφω пишу. В XV столетии оно встречается редко (например, у Бернарда из Вероны в предисловии к изданию сочинений Катулла 1493 г., у Эразма в его …   Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона

  • American Type Founders — Former type Defunct Industry Type foundry Founded 1892 Defunct 1993 Headquarters Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S. Key peo …   Wikipedia

  • Типографское дело* — [Слово типография греческого происхождения и составлено из двух слов: τύπος буква, фигура, оттиск, и γράφω пишу. В XV столетии оно встречается редко (например, у Бернарда из Вероны в предисловии к изданию сочинений Катулла 1493 г., у Эразма в его …   Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона

  • Buchdruckerkunst — Buchdruckerkunst, die mechanische Vervielfältigung von Schriftstücken durch bewegliche Buchstaben. Die Buchdruckerei liefert Werkdruck (Bücher und in Zwischenräumen erscheinende Zeitschriften), Zeitungsdruck und Akzidenzdruck (Drucksachen für… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

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  • Palette and Chisel Academy of Fine Art — The Palette and Chisel Academy of Fine Art is an association of representational artists, founded in Chicago in 1895.FoundingAs the Inland Printer reported in June 1896:An association of artists and craftsmen for the purpose of work and study… …   Wikipedia

  • Century Type Family — Century refers to a family of type faces derived from the original Century Roman cut by American Type Founders’ designer Linn Boyd Benton in 1894. Despite originating in the nineteenth century, use of the typeface remains strong, for periodicals …   Wikipedia

  • Joseph W. Phinney — Born 1848 Nantucket Died 1934 Nationality American Field typography …   Wikipedia

  • Will H. Bradley — Un cartel por Bradley …   Wikipedia Español

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